Source
August Sander — Encyclopædia Britannica
Citation
Britannica Editors. “August Sander.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed 2026-05-09. https://www.britannica.com/biography/August-Sander
Tier justification
Tier 3: per CREDIBILITY.md Tier 3 list, “Encyclopedia entries with named authors and visible references (Grove Art, Encyclopedia Britannica).” Used here as a Tier-3 corroboration of Sander’s day-month birth and death tokens (Britannica gives narrative-paragraph resolution that the Tier-1 ICP page lacks). Year-level dates and biographical spine remain anchored at Tier 1 via src-icp-august-sander-archive and src-sfmoma-august-sander.
Key excerpts / pages
Verbatim quotations from the page fetched 2026-05-09:
- Title-and-lead opening: “August Sander was a German photographer who attempted to produce a comprehensive photographic document of the German people. The son of a mining carpenter, Sander apprenticed as a miner in 1889. Acquiring his first camera in 1892, he took up photography as a hobby and, after military service…”
- Birth registry: “born November 17, 1876, Herdorf, near Cologne”
- Death registry: “died April 20, 1964, Cologne”
- “(his son … died in prison.) During this period Sander turned to less-controversial rural landscapes and nature subjects.”
| Page metadata: “August Sander | Portraiture, Documentary, Weimar Republic | Britannica” |
Notes
- Perspective: editorial reference / encyclopedia.
- The Britannica entry corroborates the November 17, 1876 / April 20, 1964 day-month tokens that Wikipedia (src-wikipedia-august-sander-pointer) also records. The two-source agreement promotes these tokens above pointer-only status.
- Note: Britannica’s “Herdorf, near Cologne” is geographically loose — Herdorf is in Rhineland-Palatinate, ~100 km southeast of Cologne. The phrasing pairs the village (Herdorf) with the city Sander made his career in (Cologne); this is editorial framing, not a coordinate claim.
- The page does NOT mention The Family of Man. The connection is made via the MoMA Master Checklist at the plate level.
- Verified against fetched source on 2026-05-09 via
curl -fsSL https://www.britannica.com/biography/August-Sander(HTTP 200, 67,587 bytes).