Source
Robert Frank
Citation
Robert Frank. Wikipedia. Fetched 2026-05-07 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Frank.
Tier justification
Tier 3: Wikipedia is pointer-only per CREDIBILITY.md. Used here strictly to record day-month tokens (November 9 / September 9) and the Zurich birthplace / Inverness, Cape Breton (Nova Scotia) deathplace tokens that the Tier-1 ICP page (src-icp-frank-archive) states at year-only resolution (and which the ICP page omits for the death year, since the page predates Frank’s 2019 death).
Key excerpts / pages
Verbatim claims from the article (fetched 2026-05-07; opening sentence and infobox; numbers from a paragraph specifically about the Family of Man inclusion):
- Birth: “November 9, 1924” in “Zürich, Switzerland”.
- Death: “September 9, 2019” in “Inverness, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada”.
- Nationality: Swiss-American.
- Family of Man inclusion (paraphrased from WebFetch summary, not literal verbatim): Seven of Frank’s photographs appeared in the 1955 MoMA Family of Man exhibition; subjects included Spain, Peru, Wales, England, and the United States, including “six laughing women in the window of the White Tower Hamburger Stand on Fourteenth Street, New York City.” (The WebFetch summary returned a paraphrase referencing a 1958 exhibition date — the actual MoMA opening was January 1955; treat the article’s exhibition framing as paraphrased pending re-fetch.)
Notes
- Per
CREDIBILITY.md, Wikipedia is treated as a pointer source — the November 9, 1924 birth, September 9, 2019 death, Zurich and Inverness/Cape Breton place tokens, and “Swiss-American” nationality string should be promoted to Tier 1/2 against the NYT September 2019 obituary or the National Gallery of Art’s Frank archive before being treated as authoritative for downstream training data. - The “Swiss-American” nationality form aligns with the ICP page’s label “American (b. Switzerland)” per the WebFetch summary 2026-05-07.
- The MoMA Master Checklist (src-moma-exh-0569-master-checklist, in repo) credits all seven Frank plates as “Swiss” — the checklist’s credit reflects Frank’s nationality at the time of the 1955 exhibition (he was not naturalized until 1963 per general Frank scholarship; the naturalization year is NOT verified against any fetched source this round).
- The 1958 / 9-million-visitors figures in the WebFetch paraphrase appear to be Wikipedia’s general framing of the world tour rather than a literal claim about the New York opening, which was January 24, 1955. The exhibition continued touring through 1962 — the 1958 reference may correspond to one of the touring venues rather than the original MoMA opening; not re-verified this round.